• Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Kris Luyten
    6. Christine Gris
    7. Xavier Le Pallec

    Notation et processus outillé pour la description, l'analyse et la compréhension de l'automatisation dans les systèmes de commande et contrôle

    PDF available

    Elodie Bouzekri

    Defense: 2021-01-15

    Automation enables systems to execute some functions without outside control and to adapt functions they execute to new contexts and goals. Systems with automation are used more and more to help humans in everyday tasks with, for example, the dishwasher. Systems with automation are also used to help humans in their professional life. For example, in the field of aeronautics, automation has gradually reduced the number from 4 pilots to 2 pilots. Automation was first considered as a way to increase performance and reduce effort by migrating tasks previously allocated to humans to systems. This, in the hypothesis that systems would be better than humans would at performing certain tasks and vice-versa. Paul Fitts proposed MABA-MABA (Machine Are Better At – Man Are Better At), a tasks and functions allocation method based on this hypothesis. In line with this hypothesis, various descriptions of levels of automation have been proposed. The 10 levels of Automation (LoA) by Parasuraman, Sheridan et Wickens describe different tasks and functions allocations between the human and the system. The higher the level of automation, the more tasks migrate from human to system. These approaches have been the subject of criticism. « MABA-MABA or Abracadabra? Progress on Human–Automation Coordination » of Dekker and Woods highlights that automation leads to new tasks allocated to humans to manage this automation. Moreover, they recall that these approaches hide the cooperative aspect of the human-system couple. To characterize the human-system cooperation, the importance of considering, at design time, the allocation of authority, responsibility, control and the initiative to modify these allocations during the activity was demonstrated. However, the existing approaches describe a high-level design of automation and cooperation early in the design and development process. These approaches does not provide support for reasoning about the allocation of resources, control transitions, responsibility and authority throughout the design and development process. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the possibility to analyze and describe at a low-level tasks and functions as well as the cooperation between humans and the system with automation. This analysis and this description enable to characterize tasks, functions and the cooperation in terms of authority, responsibility, resource sharing and control transition initiation. The aim of this work is to provide a framework and a model-based tooled process to analyze and understand automation. In order to show the feasibility of this approach, this thesis presents the results of the application of the proposed process to an industrial case study in the field of aeronautics.

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Jean-Claude Tarby
    6. Kathia Marçal De Oliveira

    Identification systématique et représentation des erreurs humaines dans les modèles de taches

    PDF available

    Racim Fahssi

    Defense: 2018-12-14

    In user-centered approaches, the techniques, methods, and development processes used aim to know and understand the users (analyze their needs, evaluate their ways of using the systems) in order to design and develop usable systems that is in line with their behavior, skills and needs. Among the techniques used to guarantee usability, task modeling makes it possible to describe the objectives and activities of the users. With task models, human factors specialists can analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of interactive applications. This approach of task analysis and modeling has always focused on the explicit representation of the standard behavior of the user. This is because human errors are not part of the users' objectives and are therefore excluded from the job description. This vision of error-free activities, widely followed by the human-machine interaction community, is very different from the Human Factor community vison on user tasks. Since its inception, Human Factor community has been interested in understanding the causes of human error and its impact on performance, but also on major aspects like the reliability of the operation and the reliability of the users and their work. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that it is possible to systematically describe, in task models, user errors that may occur during the performance of user tasks. For this demonstration, we propose an approach based on task models associated with a human error description process and supported by a set of tools. This thesis presents the results of the application of the proposed approach to an industrial case study in the application domain of aeronautics.

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    Title

    Fabio Sorrentino

    Defense: 2016-02-19

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    Reverse Engineering of Web Applications

    Carlos Eduardo Bastos e Marques Da Silva

    Defense: 2015-09-25

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    Mitigating Activity Fragmentation in the Web by Empowering End-Users to Define Their Own Webflow Scripts

    Josune De Sosa

    Defense: 2014-09-11

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    Aspectos Culturais no Modelo do Usuário em Sistemas Adaptativos Educacionais: Fundamentos, Proposta e Experimentação

    Isabela Gasparini

    Defense: 2013-12-20

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    Semiautomatización del proceso completo de realización de un análisis de usabilidad mediante la técnica de la evaluación heurística

    Llúcia Masip

    Defense: 2013-12-13

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Marco Winckler
    2. Gustavo Rossi
    3. Silvia Gordillo
    Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    Un enfoque para soporte de tareas de usuario mediante adaptación en el cliente Web

    Sergio Firmenich

    Defense: 2013-04-11

    Currently, a lot of the tasks engaged by users over the Web involve dealing with multiple Web sites. Moreover, whilst Web navigation was considered as a lonely activity in the past, a large proportion of users are nowadays engaged in collaborative activities over the Web. In this paper we argue that these two aspects of collaboration and tasks spanning over multiple Web sites call for a level of coordination that require Distributed User Interfaces (DUI). In this context, DUIs would play a major role by helping multiple users to coordinate their activities whilst working collaboratively to complete tasks at different Web sites. For that, we propose in this paper an approach to create distributed user interfaces featuring procedures that are aimed to orchestrate user tasks over multiple Web sites. Our approach supports flexible process modeling by allowing users to combine manual tasks and automated tasks from a repertoire of patterns of tasks performed over the Web. In our approach, whilst manual tasks can be regarded as simple instructions that tell users how to perform a task over a Web site, automated tasks correspond to tools built under the concept of Web augmentation (as it augments the repertoire of tasks users can perform over the Web) called Web augmenters. Both manual and automated tasks are usually supported by specific DOM elements available in different Web sites. Thus, by combining tasks and DOM elements distributed in diverse Web sites our approach supports the creation of procedures that allows seamless users interaction with diverse Web site. Moreover, such an approach is aimed at supporting the collaboration between users sharing procedures. The approach is duly illustrated by a case study describing a collaborative trip planning over the Web.

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler
    2. François Bodard
    3. Christophe Kolski
    4. Manuel Kolp
    5. Christophe De Vleeschouwer

    Model-Driven Engineering of Behaviour for Multi-Platform Graphical User Interfaces

    Efrem Mbakei Luzayisu

    Defense: 2012-10-09

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marco Winckler
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marco Winckler
    3. Jean Vanderdonckt
    4. Fabio Paternò
    5. Erwann Poupart
    6. Jean-Pierre Jessel
    7. Joëlle Coutaz

    Une approche à base de modèles synergiques pour la prise en compte simultanée de l'utilisabilité, la fiabilité et l'opérabilité des systèmes interactifs critiques

    PDF available

    Célia Martinie

    Defense: 2011-12-05

    User Centered Design is today a reference to design and develop interactive systems. All the existing techniques, methods and development processes based on this paradigm are targeting to understand and know the user. They aim at designing and developing systems that match their needs, skills and behaviours. These techniques, methods and development processes are improved regularly and are spreading through the mass market industries. The underlying philosophy is to focus on the affordance of the designed system, so that it will be used efficiently and that it will give satisfaction to the user, even at first use. However, in the case of interactive critical systems (in the application domains of aeronautics, aerospace or nuclear energy for example), the cost of a usage error or of a system failure can overcome the cost of the development of the system itself, and can result in loss of life, injury or damage to the system and its environment. User Centered Design techniques, methods and processes are then not sufficient, as they are not handling all of the design and development issues that are associated to interactive critical systems. First of all, these techniques, methods and processes do not enable to guarantee that the system will fulfil both usability and reliability properties. Then, they do not consider training and qualification of the users of the system. At last, they do not provide means for traceability of the needs and requirements through the whole development process. This thesis states that it is possible to develop an interactive critical system and its associated training program, in an integrated way, in order to guarantee that the system fulfils properties of usability, reliability and operability, and that the users are qualified before using the system. To demonstrate this statement, we analyse existing development processes, techniques and methods and we highlight their advantages and limitations. From the outcome of our study, we propose an approach to develop interactive critical systems that are usable, reliable and operable and we describe the associated conceptual framework of our approach. We propose an implementation of this approach with a development process, notations and a software environment. The development process integrates phases for the development of the associated training program, and it provides support for the traceability of requirements and design choices during the whole phases of the process. This approach takes advantages from the User Centered Design paradigm and uses, in a synergistic way, task models, system's behaviour formal models and training program development model. We also propose a new task modelling notation, HAMSTERS (Human-centered Assessment and Modelling to Support Task Engineering for Resilient Systems), in addition to an extension of the TEAM (Traceability Exploration and Analysis Model) design rationale notation, and a synergistic modelling and prototyping software environment. The proposed development process, notations and software environment are applied in several examples and in a large case study of the development of a satellite command and control ground segment application.

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    ELearniXML:Towards a Model Based Approach for the Development of Higher Education Systems

    Habib Fardoun

    Defense: 2010-12-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    Portletizing web application

    Iñaki Paz Rey

    Defense: 2010-11-01

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Óscar Pastor López
    Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler
    2. Xavier Franch
    3. Victor Manuel López Jaquero
    4. José Luis Garrido

    Incorporación de Mecanismos de Usabilidad en un Entorno de Producción de Software Dirigido por Modelos

    José Ignacio Panach Navarrete

    Defense: 2010-05-24

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Jean Vanderdonckt
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marco Winckler
    3. Stéphane Faulkner
    4. Manuel Kolp
    5. Michaël Petit
    6. Victor Manuel López Jaquero

    A Method for Developing User Interfaces to Workflow Information Systems

    Josefina Guerrero Garcia

    Defense: 2010-03-23

  • Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler

    CAUCE: Model-driven development of Context-aware Applications for Ubiquitous Computing Environments

    Ricardo Tesoriero

    Defense: 2009-11-01

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Gaëlle Calvary
    Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Dominique-Louis Scapin
    4. Jérôme Gensel
    5. Patrick Reignier
    6. Jérôme Descos
    7. Bertrand David

    Modèle Utilisateur pour la Plasticité des Interfaces Homme-Machine en Mobilité

    Vincent Ganneau

    Defense: 2009-01-20

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Gaëlle Calvary
    Jury members:
    1. Marco Winckler
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Franck Tarpin-Bernard
    4. Jean Bézivin
    5. Jean-Marie Favre
    6. Hervé Martin
    7. Mireille Blay-Fornarino

    Méga-IHM : malléabilité des Interfaces Homme-Machine dirigées par les modèles

    Jean-Sébastien Sottet

    Defense: 2008-10-10

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Christelle Farenc
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    Jury members:
    1. Christelle Farenc
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Monique Noirhomme-Fraiture
    6. Gaëlle Calvary
    7. Jean-Paul Perez

    Une méthode d'inspection automatique de recommandations ergonomiques tout au long du processus de conception des applications Web

    Joseph Xiong

    Defense: 2008-09-01

    Les applications Web existantes donnent accès à des ressources (information, contenu, etc.) mais offrent également de plus en plus de services. Si beaucoup d'efforts doivent être consacrés à la fiabilité et à la robustesse de ces applications Web de complexité croissante, l'utilisabilité doit également être assurée, faute de quoi l'utilisateur aura des difficultés d'usage avec l'application. L'évaluation de l'utilisabilité est une tâche complexe qui requiert une connaissance et une expertise en ergonomie logicielle. La plupart des méthodes d'évaluation existantes, bien que maîtrisées par des experts en utilisabilité, sont considérées comme « complexes » et difficiles à mettre en oeuvre pour des non experts. Les recommandations pour l'utilisabilité sont l'expression d'une connaissance en ergonomie qui aide l'évaluation. Toutefois, puisqu'il est nécessaire d'appliquer ces recommandations de manière systématique, leur inspection manuelle peut s'avérer laborieuse, même pour un expert. Afin de ne pas être limité par l'inspection manuelle, des efforts ont été investis dans le développement d'outils supportant la collecte des recommandations et leur organisation, le guidage de l'inspection et le support de l'inspection automatique. Un des avantages à l'utilisation d'outils automatiques pour l'inspection des recommandations est que peu de connaissances en ergonomie sont requises puisque l'expertise est intégrée dans l'outil. En outre, le manque d'experts pour réaliser les évaluations d'utilisabilité et le coût élevé des autres méthodes d'évaluation (par exemple, tests utilisateurs) font que l'inspection automatique des recommandations est une méthode adaptée pour supporter les évaluations fréquentes des applications Web. Cependant, ces outils ne permettent d'évaluer que l?application finale et dans le cas où des erreurs sont détectées, des modifications importantes de l'application peuvent avoir lieu. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une méthode d'évaluation permettant de s'assurer tout au long du processus de conception de la qualité ergonomique des applications Web développées. Sur la base des recommandations existantes, nous avons établi une ontologie qui organise les recommandations autour des éléments d'interface d'une application Web. Cette ontologie forme ainsi un vocabulaire non ambigu et permet d'identifier précisément les éléments à évaluer à chaque étape du processus de conception. En utilisant une approche basée sur modèles nous proposons une méthode d'évaluation qui exploite cette ontologie et les différents artefacts produits tout au long du processus de conception. Cette méthode offre un support à la vérification de la qualité ergonomique pendant tout le cycle de vie de l'application. En outre, ces travaux ont été appliqués et validés à l'échelle industrielle sur une plateforme de développement de téléprocédures adoptant une approche dirigée par les modèles.