• Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Kris Luyten
    6. Christine Gris
    7. Xavier Le Pallec

    Notation et processus outillé pour la description, l'analyse et la compréhension de l'automatisation dans les systèmes de commande et contrôle

    PDF available

    Elodie Bouzekri

    Defense: 2021-01-15

    Automation enables systems to execute some functions without outside control and to adapt functions they execute to new contexts and goals. Systems with automation are used more and more to help humans in everyday tasks with, for example, the dishwasher. Systems with automation are also used to help humans in their professional life. For example, in the field of aeronautics, automation has gradually reduced the number from 4 pilots to 2 pilots. Automation was first considered as a way to increase performance and reduce effort by migrating tasks previously allocated to humans to systems. This, in the hypothesis that systems would be better than humans would at performing certain tasks and vice-versa. Paul Fitts proposed MABA-MABA (Machine Are Better At – Man Are Better At), a tasks and functions allocation method based on this hypothesis. In line with this hypothesis, various descriptions of levels of automation have been proposed. The 10 levels of Automation (LoA) by Parasuraman, Sheridan et Wickens describe different tasks and functions allocations between the human and the system. The higher the level of automation, the more tasks migrate from human to system. These approaches have been the subject of criticism. « MABA-MABA or Abracadabra? Progress on Human–Automation Coordination » of Dekker and Woods highlights that automation leads to new tasks allocated to humans to manage this automation. Moreover, they recall that these approaches hide the cooperative aspect of the human-system couple. To characterize the human-system cooperation, the importance of considering, at design time, the allocation of authority, responsibility, control and the initiative to modify these allocations during the activity was demonstrated. However, the existing approaches describe a high-level design of automation and cooperation early in the design and development process. These approaches does not provide support for reasoning about the allocation of resources, control transitions, responsibility and authority throughout the design and development process. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the possibility to analyze and describe at a low-level tasks and functions as well as the cooperation between humans and the system with automation. This analysis and this description enable to characterize tasks, functions and the cooperation in terms of authority, responsibility, resource sharing and control transition initiation. The aim of this work is to provide a framework and a model-based tooled process to analyze and understand automation. In order to show the feasibility of this approach, this thesis presents the results of the application of the proposed process to an industrial case study in the field of aeronautics.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Neville Stanton
    4. Carl Gutwin
    5. Albrecht Schmidt
    6. Caroline Appert

    Model-Based Engineering of Critical Large Scale Socio-Technical Systems: Contributions and Future Directions

    PDF available

    Célia Martinie

    Defense: 2020-07-01

    Large scale critical interactive systems, such as air traffic management systems, aircrafts cockpits and ground segment applications for managing spacecraft missions, are said critical because a failure of one of their part or function can endanger human life or damage to the system and its environment. The design and development of such systems requires to apply specific techniques and processes in order to ensure that they will fulfil a predetermined set of properties (dependability, usability…) and to integrate safely the operations that will be performed using them in a large scale organisational context (human dependability, safety…). Existing techniques and methods are applied in a dedicated stage of the design and development processes (e.g. software programming, unit testing, deployment), they focus on one aspect (e.g. tasks, interactive system, training…) of the design and development and target a specific property (e.g. usability, dependability…). Existing techniques, methods, processes and tools do not provide support for explicitly taking into account all of the properties in an even way along while dealing with technological, human and organisational aspects. The need for taking into account technical, human and organisational aspects for system design has been raised several decades ago and socio-technical approaches have been proposed to take into account all of these aspects when analysing systems. Our work targets to support the design and development of critical Large Scale Socio-Technical Systems (named critical LSSTS). This term encompasses large scale critical interactive systems and their integration within an organisational context for safe operations. Our modelS-based approach addresses high level and global aspects (by explicitly taking into account all of the different views on the critical LSSTS) together with low-level and local aspects (by explicitly taking into account the specificities of each view required to design and develop each part of the critical LSSTS). The contributions presented in this document are the result of the work of I have done with my colleagues in the ICS team at IRIT through the co-supervision of 5 PhD students and 2 post-doctoral students from 2012 to now on. They are the continuation of the work I have done for the PhD that I defended in December 2011. These contributions have been applied to industrial case studies (civil aircrafts cockpits, satellite ground segments application, air traffic control applications), in collaboration with industrial partners such as Airbus, as well as with national and European agencies (CNES, ESA, EUROCONTROL).

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Jean-Claude Tarby
    6. Kathia Marçal De Oliveira

    Identification systématique et représentation des erreurs humaines dans les modèles de taches

    PDF available

    Racim Fahssi

    Defense: 2018-12-14

    In user-centered approaches, the techniques, methods, and development processes used aim to know and understand the users (analyze their needs, evaluate their ways of using the systems) in order to design and develop usable systems that is in line with their behavior, skills and needs. Among the techniques used to guarantee usability, task modeling makes it possible to describe the objectives and activities of the users. With task models, human factors specialists can analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of interactive applications. This approach of task analysis and modeling has always focused on the explicit representation of the standard behavior of the user. This is because human errors are not part of the users' objectives and are therefore excluded from the job description. This vision of error-free activities, widely followed by the human-machine interaction community, is very different from the Human Factor community vison on user tasks. Since its inception, Human Factor community has been interested in understanding the causes of human error and its impact on performance, but also on major aspects like the reliability of the operation and the reliability of the users and their work. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that it is possible to systematically describe, in task models, user errors that may occur during the performance of user tasks. For this demonstration, we propose an approach based on task models associated with a human error description process and supported by a set of tools. This thesis presents the results of the application of the proposed approach to an industrial case study in the application domain of aeronautics.

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Marco Winckler
    Jury members:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Jean Vanderdonckt
    4. Kathia Marçal De Oliveira
    5. Sophie Dupuy-Chessa

    A Behavior-Driven Approach for Specifying and Testing User Requirements in Interactive Systems

    PDF available

    Thiago Silva

    Defense: 2018-09-17

    In a user-centered design process, artifacts evolve in iterative cycles until they meet user requirements and then become the final product. Every cycle gives the opportunity to revise the design and to introduce new requirements which might affect the artifacts that have been set in former development phases. Keeping the consistency of requirements in such artifacts along the development process is a cumbersome and time-consuming activity, especially if it is done manually. Nowadays, some software development frameworks implement Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) and User Stories as a means of automating the test of interactive systems under construction. Automated testing helps to simulate user’s actions on the user interface and therefore check if the system behaves properly and in accordance with the user requirements. However, current tools supporting BDD requires that tests should be written using low-level events and components that only exist when the system is already implemented. As a consequence of such low-level of abstraction, BDD tests can hardly be reused with more abstract artifacts. In order to prevent that tests should be written to every type of artifact, we have investigated the use of ontologies for specifying both requirements and tests once, and then run tests on all artifacts sharing the ontological concepts. The resultant behavior-based ontology we propose herein is therefore aimed at raising the abstraction level while supporting test automation on multiple artifacts. This thesis presents this ontology and an approach based on BDD and User Stories to support the specification and the automated assessment of user requirements on software artifacts along the development process of interactive systems. Two case studies are also presented to validate our approach. The first case study evaluates the understandability of User Stories specifications by a team of Product Owners (POs) from the department in charge of business trips in our institute. With the help of this first case study, we designed a second one to demonstrate how User Stories written using our ontology can be used to assess functional requirements expressed in different artifacts, such as task models, user interface (UI) prototypes, and full-fledged UIs. The results have shown that our approach is able to identify even finegrained inconsistencies in the mentioned artifacts, allowing establishing a reliable compatibility among different user interface design artifacts.

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Chris Johnson
    3. Jean-Charles Fabre
    4. Terje Aven
    5. Leslie Walls
    6. Douglas Owen

    A risk management framework for a complex adaptive transport system

    PDF available

    Jari Nisula

    Defense: 2018-03-01

    In user-centered approaches, the techniques, methods, and development processes used aim to know and understand the users (analyze their needs, evaluate their ways of using the systems) in order to design and develop usable systems that is in line with their behavior, skills and needs. Among the techniques used to guarantee usability, task modeling makes it possible to describe the objectives and activities of the users. With task models, human factors specialists can analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of interactive applications. This approach of task analysis and modeling has always focused on the explicit representation of the standard behavior of the user. This is because human errors are not part of the users' objectives and are therefore excluded from the job description. This vision of error-free activities, widely followed by the human-machine interaction community, is very different from the Human Factor community vison on user tasks. Since its inception, Human Factor community has been interested in understanding the causes of human error and its impact on performance, but also on major aspects like the reliability of the operation and the reliability of the users and their work. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that it is possible to systematically describe, in task models, user errors that may occur during the performance of user tasks. For this demonstration, we propose an approach based on task models associated with a human error description process and supported by a set of tools. This thesis presents the results of the application of the proposed approach to an industrial case study in the application domain of aeronautics.

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Jean Vanderdonckt
    4. Jean-Charles Fabre
    5. Kris Luyten
    6. Bruno Dumas
    7. Géry Casiez

    Une approche pour l’ingénierie des systèmes interactifs critiques multimodaux et multi-utilisateurs: Application à la prochaine génération de cockpit d’aéronefs

    PDF available

    Martin Cronel

    Defense: 2017-10-18

    The work of this thesis aims at contributing to the field of the engineering of interactive critical systems. We aim at easing the introduction of new input and output devices (such as touch screens, mid-air gesture recognition ...) allowing multi-user and multimodal interactions in next generation of aircraft’s cockpits. Currently, development process in the aeronautical filed is not compatible with the complexity of multimodal interaction. On the other side development process of wide spread systems cannot meet the requirements of critical systems. We introduce a generic software and hardware architecture model called MIODMIT (Multiple Input Output devices Multiple Interaction Techniques) which aim the introduction of dynamically instantiated devices, allowing multimodal interaction in critical systems. It describes the organization of information flux with a complete and non-ambiguous way. It covers the entire spectrum of multimodal interactive systems, from input devices and their drivers, to the specification of interaction techniques and the core of the application. It also covers the rendering of every software components, dealing with fission and fusion of information. Furthermore, this architecture model ensure the system configuration modifiability (i.e. add or suppress a device in design or operation phase). Furthermore, moralizing a system reveals that an important part of the interactive part is autonomous (i.e. not driven by the user). This kind of behavior is very difficult to understand and to foresee for the users, causing errors called automation surprises. We introduce a model-based process of evaluation of the interaction techniques which decrease significantly this kind of error. Lastly, we exploited ICO (Interactive Cooperative Objects) formalism , to describe completely and unambiguously each of the software components of MIODMIT. This language is available in an IDE (integrated development environment) called Petshop, which can execute globally the interactive application (from input/output devices to the application core). We completed this IDE with an execution platform named ARISSIM (ARINC 653 Standard SIMulator), adding safety mechanisms. More precisely, ARRISIM allows spatial segregation of processes (memory allocution to each executing partition to ensure the confinement of potential errors) and temporal segregation (sequential use of processor). Those adding increase significantly the system reliability during execution. Our work is a base for multidisciplinary teams (more specifically ergonoms, HMI specialist and developers) which will conceive future human machine interaction in the next generation of aircraft cockpits.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Fabio Paternò
    3. Gustavo Rossi
    4. Laurence Nigay
    5. Bill Buxton
    6. Oscar Pastor
    7. Neville Stanton

    Engineering Interactive Systems across application domains

    Marco Winckler

    Defense: 2016-07-13

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean-Charles Fabre
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean-Charles Fabre

    Generic Software Architecture and Model-Based Approach for the Dependability of Critical Interactive Systems

    PDF available

    Camille Fayollas

    Defense: 2015-07-21

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Célia Martinie
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Francisco Xavier Saez Nieto
    4. Alberto Pasquini
    5. Jean-Claude Tarby
    6. Yamine Aït-Ameur
    7. Maria Fatima Queiroz Vieira

    A multi-modelS based approach for the analysis and modelling of usable and resilient partly autonomous interactive systems

    PDF available

    Martina Ragosta

    Defense: 2015-05-07

    The current European Air Traffic Management (ATM) System needs to be improved for coping with the growth in air traffic forecasted for next years. It has been broadly recognised that the future ATM capacity and safety objectives can only be achieved by an intense enhancement of integrated automation support. However, increase of automation might come along with an increase of performance variability of the whole ATM System especially in case of automation degradation. ATM systems are considered complex as they encompass interactions involving humans and machines deeply influenced by environmental aspects (i.e. weather, organizational structure) making them belong to the class of Socio-Technical Systems (STS) (Emery & Trist, 1960). Due to this complexity, the interactions between the STS elements (human, system and organisational) can be partly linear and partly non-linear making its performance evolution complex and hardly predictable. Within such STS, interactive systems have to be usable i.e. enabling users to perform their tasks efficiently and effectively while ensuring a certain level of operator satisfaction. Besides, the STS has to be resilient to adverse events including potential automation degradation issues but also interaction problems between their interactive systems and the operators. These issues may affect several STS aspects such as resources, time in tasks performance, ability to adjust to environment, etc. In order to be able to analyse the impact of these perturbations and to assess the potential performance variability of a STS, dedicated techniques and methods are required. These techniques and methods have to provide support for modelling and analysing in a systematic way usability and resilience of interactive systems featuring partly autonomous behaviours. They also have to provide support for describing and structuring a large amount of information and to be able to address the variability of each of STS elements as well as the variability related to their interrelations. Current techniques, methods and processes do not enable to model a STS as a whole and to analyse both usability and resilience properties. Also, they do not embed all the elements that are required to describe and analyse each part of the STS (such as knowledge of different types which is needed by a user for accomplishing tasks or for interacting with dedicated technologies). Lastly, they do not provide means for analysing task migrations when a new technology is introduced or for analysing performance variability in case of degradation of the newly introduced automation. Such statements are argued in this thesis by a detailed analysis of existing modelling techniques and associated methods highlighting their advantages and limitations. This thesis proposes a multi-models based approach for the modelling and the analysis of partly-autonomous interactive systems for assessing their resilience and usability. The contribution is based on the identification of a set of requirements needed being able to model and analyse each of the STS elements. Some of these requirements were met by existing modelling techniques, others were reachable by extending and refining existing ones. This thesis proposes an approach which integrates 3 modelling techniques: FRAM (focused on organisational functions), HAMSTERS (centred on human goals and activities) and ICO (dedicated to the modelling of interactive systems). The principles of the multi-models approach is illustrated on an example for carefully showing the extensions proposed to the selected modelling techniques and how they integrate together. A more complex case study from the ATM domain is then presented to demonstrate the scalability of the approach. This case study, dealing with aircraft route change due to bad weather conditions, highlights the ability of the integration of models to cope with performance variability of the various parts of the STS.

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Raphaël André
    3. Yannick Déléris
    Jury members:
    1. David Navarre
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Jean Vanderdonckt
    4. Raphaël André
    5. Yannick Déléris
    6. Jean-Claude Tarby
    7. Nicolas Roussel
    8. Laurence Nigay

    Definition of a language and a method to formally describe post-WIMP interactions for innovative cockpits: application to multi-touch interactions

    PDF available

    Arnaud Hamon

    Defense: 2014-12-17

    With the advent of new technologies such as the iPad, general public software feature richer and more innovative interfaces. These innovations are both on the input layer (e.g. multi-touch screens) and on the output layer (e.g. display). These interfaces are categorized as post-W.I.M.P. type and allow to increase the bandwidth between the user and the system he manipulates. Specifically it allows the user to more quickly deliver commands to the system and the system to present more information to the user enabling him managing increasingly complex systems. The large use in the general public and the level of maturity of these technologies allows to consider their integration in critical systems (such as cockpits or more generally control and command systems). However, the software issues related to these technologies are far from being resolved judging by the many problems encountered by users. While the latter may be tolerated for gaming applications and entertainment, it is not acceptable in the field of critical systems described above. The problem of this thesis focuses specifically on the development of methods, languages, techniques and tools for the design and development of innovative and reliable interactive systems. The contribution of this thesis is the extension of a formal notation: ICO (Interactive Cooperative Object) to describe in a complete and unambiguous way multi-touch interaction techniques and is applied in the context of multi-touch applications for civilians aircrafts. We provide in addition to this notation, a method for the design and validation of interactive systems featuring multi-touch interactions. The mechanisms of these interactive systems are based on a generic architecture structuring models from the hardware part of the input devices up to the application part for the control and monitoring of these systems. This set of contribution is applied on a set of case studies, the most significant being an application for weather management in civilian aircrafts

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Stephane Conversy
    Jury members:
    1. Stephane Conversy
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Stéphane Chatty
    4. Wendy MacKay
    5. Géry Casiez
    6. Denis Bonnet

    Apports du concept de continuité pour l'architecture graphique de l'interface utilisateur des systèmes interactifs complexes

    Jean-Luc Vinot

    Defense: 2014-11-17

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Contributions to the science of controlled transformation

    Stephane Conversy

    Defense: 2013-06-01

    My research activities pertain to so-called "Computer Science" and in particular "Interactive Graphics" i.e. dynamic graphics on a 2D screen that a user can interact with by means of input devices such as a mouse or a multitouch surface. I have conducted research on Interactive Graphics along three themes: interactive graphics development (how should developers design the architecture of the code corresponding to graphical interactions?), interactive graphics design(what graphical interactions should UX specialists use in their system?) and interactive graphics design process (how should User Experience (UX) specialists design? What process should they apply?) I invented the MDPC architecture that relies on Picking views and Inverse transforms. This improves the modularity of programs and improves the usability of the specification and the implementation of interactive graphics thanks to the simplification of description. In order to improve the performance of rich-graphic software using this architecture, I explored the concepts of graphical compilers and led a PhD thesis on the topic. The thesis explored the approach and contributed both in terms of description simplification and of software engineering facilitation. Finally, I have applied the simplification of description principles to the problem of shape covering avoidance by relying on new efficient hardware support for parallelized and memory-based algorithms . Together with my colleagues, we have explored the design and assessment of expanding targets, animation and sound, interaction with numerous tangled trajectories , multi-user interaction and tangible interaction. I have identified and defined Structural Interaction, a new interaction paradigm that follows the steps of the direct and instrumental interaction paradigms. I directed a PhD thesis on this topic (unfinished at the time of writing), and together with my student we designed and assessed interaction techniques for structural interaction [. I was involved in the design of the "Technology Probes" concept i.e. runnable prototypes to feed the design process. Together with colleagues, I designed VideoProbe, one such Technology Probe. I became interested in more conceptual tools targeted at graphical representation. I led two PhD theses on the topic. I explored the characterization of visualization, how to design representations with visual variables or ecological perceptionand how to design visual interfaces to improve visual scanning. I discovered that those conceptual tools could be applied to programming languages and showed how the representation of code, be it textual or "visual" undergoes visual perception phenomena. This has led me to consider our discipline as the "Science of Controlled Transformations". The fifth chapter is an attempt at providing this new account of "Informatique" based on what users, programmers and researchers actually do with interactive systems. I also describe how my work can be considered as contributing to the science of controlled transformations

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Plateforme autonomique dirigée par les modèles pour la construction d’interfaces multimodales dans les environnements pervasifs

    Pierre Alain Avouac

    Defense: 2013-02-07

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Regina Bernhaupt
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Regina Bernhaupt
    3. Jean Vanderdonckt
    4. Jean-Daniel Fekete
    5. Ferdinand Maier

    Model-based Engineering of Animated Interactive Systems for the Interactive Television environment

    PDF available

    Thomas Mirlacher

    Defense: 2012-12-19

    Graphical User Interfaces used to be mostly static, representing one software state after the other. However, animated transitions between these static states are an integral part in modern user interfaces and processes for both their design and implementation remain a challenge for designers and developers. This thesis proposes a process for designing interactive systems focusing on animations, along with an architecture for the definition and implementation of animation in user interfaces. The architecture proposes a two levels approach for defining a high-level view of an animation (focusing on animated objects, their properties to be animated and on the composition of animations) and a low-level one dealing with detailed aspects of animations such as timing and optimization. For the formal specification of these two levels, we are using an approach facilitating object-oriented Petri nets to support the design, implementation and validation of animated user interfaces by providing a complete and unambiguous description of the entire user interface including animations. Finally, we describe the application of the presented process exemplified by a case study for a high-fidelity prototype of a user interface for the interactive Television domain. This process will lead to a detailed formal specification of the interactive system, including animations using object-oriented Petri nets (designed with the PetShop CASE tool).

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Etude et réalisation d'un protocole experimental pour l'étude du comportement humain en situation critique.

    Yuska Paola Costa Aguiar

    Defense: 2012-10-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    An architecture supporting the development of serious games for scenario-based training and its application to Advanced Life Support

    Alberto Cabas Vidani

    Defense: 2012-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Rapid prototyping of ubiquitous computing environments

    José Luís Silva

    Defense: 2012-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Modèles et mécanismes d'adaptation de l'interaction Homme-Machine aux changements de contexte

    Thomas Villaren

    Defense: 2012-01-01

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean-Charles Fabre
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean-Charles Fabre

    Approches outillées pour le développement des systèmes interactifs intégrant les aspects sûreté de fonctionnement et utilisabilité

    PDF available

    Adrienne Tankeu Choitat

    Defense: 2011-12-16

    Since the Airbus A380 and with the introduction of ARINC 661 standard, the glass cockpits are being replaced by interactive cockpits, by allowing the crew to control aircraft systems through display unit by using keyboard and cursor control unit (KCCU). Currently only secondary aircraft systems which are non-critical are managed using such interactive cockpits. To be able to generalize such features to critical aircraft system, the main question remains to understand how to match dependability requirements for such systems while preserving usability roperties. To reach the goal of using such interactive techniques within safety critical aircraft systems, our research work has followed three main directions. The first approach is to tend to zero default design, by realizing the precise and unambiguous description of software components of interactive system, using formal description technique. The second approach consists in the use of fault tolerant mechanisms, to treat design residual fault, physical fault or environmental fault. These fault tolerant mechanisms enable the continuity of service despite the occurrence of fault. The third approach is the clarification of the impact of different fault tolerant mechanisms on the usability of the interactive system. This clarification is done by using and analyzing task models, describing the user activity of the system.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Contrôle du partage de l'autorité dans un système d'agents hétérogènes

    Stéphane Mercier

    Defense: 2011-12-15

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marco Winckler
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marco Winckler
    3. Jean Vanderdonckt
    4. Fabio Paternò
    5. Erwann Poupart
    6. Jean-Pierre Jessel
    7. Joëlle Coutaz

    Une approche à base de modèles synergiques pour la prise en compte simultanée de l'utilisabilité, la fiabilité et l'opérabilité des systèmes interactifs critiques

    PDF available

    Célia Martinie

    Defense: 2011-12-05

    User Centered Design is today a reference to design and develop interactive systems. All the existing techniques, methods and development processes based on this paradigm are targeting to understand and know the user. They aim at designing and developing systems that match their needs, skills and behaviours. These techniques, methods and development processes are improved regularly and are spreading through the mass market industries. The underlying philosophy is to focus on the affordance of the designed system, so that it will be used efficiently and that it will give satisfaction to the user, even at first use. However, in the case of interactive critical systems (in the application domains of aeronautics, aerospace or nuclear energy for example), the cost of a usage error or of a system failure can overcome the cost of the development of the system itself, and can result in loss of life, injury or damage to the system and its environment. User Centered Design techniques, methods and processes are then not sufficient, as they are not handling all of the design and development issues that are associated to interactive critical systems. First of all, these techniques, methods and processes do not enable to guarantee that the system will fulfil both usability and reliability properties. Then, they do not consider training and qualification of the users of the system. At last, they do not provide means for traceability of the needs and requirements through the whole development process. This thesis states that it is possible to develop an interactive critical system and its associated training program, in an integrated way, in order to guarantee that the system fulfils properties of usability, reliability and operability, and that the users are qualified before using the system. To demonstrate this statement, we analyse existing development processes, techniques and methods and we highlight their advantages and limitations. From the outcome of our study, we propose an approach to develop interactive critical systems that are usable, reliable and operable and we describe the associated conceptual framework of our approach. We propose an implementation of this approach with a development process, notations and a software environment. The development process integrates phases for the development of the associated training program, and it provides support for the traceability of requirements and design choices during the whole phases of the process. This approach takes advantages from the User Centered Design paradigm and uses, in a synergistic way, task models, system's behaviour formal models and training program development model. We also propose a new task modelling notation, HAMSTERS (Human-centered Assessment and Modelling to Support Task Engineering for Resilient Systems), in addition to an extension of the TEAM (Traceability Exploration and Analysis Model) design rationale notation, and a synergistic modelling and prototyping software environment. The proposed development process, notations and software environment are applied in several examples and in a large case study of the development of a satellite command and control ground segment application.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Serious Game Design : considérations théoriques et techniques sur la création de jeux vidéo à vocation utilitaire

    Damien Djaouti

    Defense: 2011-11-28

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Silvia Gordillo
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Conception (instrumentée), réalisation et optimisation de graphismes interactifs

    Benjamin Tissoires

    Defense: 2011-09-01

    Designing a highly interactive application implies to make a compromise between the efficiency of the graphical renderer and the expressive power offered to the graphical designer. Thus, classical WIMP toolkits are powerful in terms of rendering, but do not allow the user to finely tune the final rendering of the graphics, or to change their behavior. In order to enhance the process of designing graphical applications and the usability to reuse them, the description of the interactive part has to be separated from the implementation and the optimizations. This thesis presents dfferent way to separate description from optimizations. First, it presents Hayaku, a graphical toolkit that relies on a graphical compiler. Hayaku allows the interaction designer to produce himself the final interactive application. It helps an iterative development cycle. Then, we have worked on the simplification of the description for the final user when she has to create visualizations. We introduced the software FromDaDy to support this creation of large amount of data. Moving the image creation task on the GPU allows us to show a simpler model to the final user. Finally, we have simplified the description of a low algorithm (point based labeling placement algorithm) by using the GPU memory instead of the CPU. This allows us to suppress early complex optimizations and enhance the performances.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Interaction décisionnelle Homme-Robot : planification de tâche pour un robot interactif en environnement humain

    Samir Alili

    Defense: 2011-07-21

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Regina Bernhaupt
    3. Olaf Hellwich
    4. Thomas Magedanz
    5. Axel Küpper

    An Integrated, Interactive Application Environment for Session-Oriented IPTV Systems, Enabling Shared User Experiences

    Oliver Friedrich

    Defense: 2011-06-27

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Mathieu Raynal
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Méthodologie et instrumentalisation pour la conception et l'évaluation des claviers logiciels

    Bruno Merlin

    Defense: 2011-06-21

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Mathieu Raynal
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Modèle théorique et outil de simulation pour une meilleure évaluation des claviers logiciels augmentés d'un système de prédiction de mots

    Georges Badr

    Defense: 2011-06-20

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Nadine Vigouroux
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Interaction tactile chez les personnes âgées

    Guillaume Lepicard

    Defense: 2011-05-02

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Modélisation et évaluation de l’interaction dans les systèmes multimodaux

    Émile Verdurand

    Defense: 2011-01-10

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Integrating a Usable Security Protocol for User Authentication in the Requirements and Design Process

    Christina Braz

    Defense: 2011-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Chris Wolfe phD

    Chris Wolfe

    Defense: 2011-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Accessibilité aux informations visuelles des pages web pour les non-voyants

    Youssef Bou Issa

    Defense: 2010-12-15

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Stephane Conversy
    2. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Stephane Conversy
    2. Philippe Palanque

    Méthodes et outils pour l'aide à la conception et à la vérification du rendu graphique des systèmes interactifs

    Gilles Tabart

    Defense: 2010-12-01

    Un grand nombre d'activités utilisent des systèmes informatisés s'appuyant sur des représentations graphiques interactives. Les représentations graphiques sont des vecteurs de transmission d'informations, visant à exploiter au mieux la bande passante entre un système et ses utilisateurs. Pour certaines activités, et notamment les activités dites critiques comme l'aéronautique, la qualité des représentations graphiques est primordiale : en effet, si une information graphique est mal perçue par un utilisateur (pilote, contrôleur aérien), les conséquences peuvent être coûteuses, voire dramatiques. La conception et la spécification de ces représentations graphiques sont complexes : les paramètres sont nombreux, les interactions entre paramètres visuels sont difficiles à modéliser et prédire, et leur réglage doit s'appuyer sur des connaissances pluridisciplinaires. Selon nous, les difficultés rencontrées pour gérer ces interactions visuelles proviennent d'un manque de méthodes et d'outils de conception, qui permettraient de répondre aux exigences de plus en plus poussées en matière de rendus graphiques, et de spécifier précisément des besoins parfois mal définis par les cahiers des charges ou exigences. La première partie du travail que nous présentons est basée sur l'étude approfondie des problèmes perceptifs rencontrés sur ces interfaces complexes. Ce travail est réalisé au travers d'études expérimentales traitant de problèmes spécifiques de perception des rendus graphiques. Nous présentons ensuite un travail d'analyse de l'activité à laquelle se livrent les concepteurs d'interfaces critiques. À partir de ces analyses, nous proposons une démarche d'aide à la conception et à la vérification des rendus graphiques répondant aux besoins spécifiques des concepteurs. Cette démarche facilite l'exploration visuelle des solutions, ainsi que la mise en rapport de hiérarchies fonctionnelles liées aux systèmes avec des hiérarchies visuelles perçues par les utilisateurs. Elle supporte une approche de conception itérative, centrée utilisateur et permettant d'accompagner un système sur toute sa durée de vie. Nous proposons pour finir d'instrumenter cette démarche à l'aide de prototypes et d'outils interactifs, dont nous illustrons l'utilisation avec des études de cas.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Une approche interdisciplinaire pour l'ordonnancement des transports

    Bernat Gacias Pastor

    Defense: 2010-11-25

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. David Navarre
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Jean Vanderdonckt
    4. Monique Noirhomme-Fraiture
    5. Kris Luyten
    6. Benoît Macq
    7. Joëlle Coutaz

    Une notation et un processus outillé pour le développement de systèmes interactifs multimodaux critiques

    PDF available

    Jean-François Ladry

    Defense: 2010-10-11

    Cette thèse s'intéresse aux systèmes interactifs critiques et présente une approche permettant de prendre en compte de façon synergique les aspects fiabilité et utilisabilité. En effet, dans le cas des systèmes interactifs critiques, des problèmes d'utilisabilité peuvent réduire les performances de l'opérateur, être source de confusion et de frustration et entraîner des erreurs. De même, des problèmes de fiabilité peuvent entrainer des défaillances lors de l'opération du système. Comme le montrent les études dans le domaine, ces défaillances et ces erreurs sont les principales causes d'incidents ou d'accidents. Pour augmenter la bande passante entre l'utilisateur et le système, les activités d'innovation dans le domaine de l'IHM proposent des nouveaux systèmes d'entrée sortie et des techniques d'interaction plus sophistiquées telles que l'interaction multimodale. Bien qu'un effort important soit entrepris actuellement par le domaine de l'IHM en vue d'appliquer et d'étendre les techniques actuelles d'évaluation d'utilisabilité à ces nouvelles techniques d'interaction, peu de recherches ont été réalisées pour garantir la fiabilité des applications offrant de telles techniques d'interaction. Les processus de conception itératifs contribuent à l'utilisabilité du système par validation successive des prototypes avec les opérateurs mais au détriment de la fiabilité du système final par l'absence de conception globale et structurée. Notre approche est fondée sur une notation formelle et sur un processus de développement mettant en ?uvre cette notation. L'utilisation d'une notation formelle fournit aux différents acteurs de la conception et du développement un langage de communication précis et non ambigu, sur lequel il est possible d'appliquer des méthodes et des techniques de vérification de propriétés. Pour la partie notation, le travail présenté ici est fondé sur le formalisme ICO qui était préexistant à ce travail de thèse. L'apport de ce travail consiste en une approche systématique permettant non seulement de décrire les techniques d'interaction avancées mais aussi de répondre à la fois aux problèmes de fiabilité et d'utilisabilité. De plus, en proposant une architecture évolutive structurant les composants décrits par cette notation et dissociant la conception de techniques d'interaction de la conception du reste du système interactif, nous facilitons les modifications sur les techniques d'interaction ce qui est nécessaire pour être compatible avec les approches itératives mises en avant dans le domaine de l'IHM. Cette approche est exemplifiée à travers différentes études de cas dans le domaine des systèmes interactifs critiques tels que les cockpits et la gestion de satellite.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    OOWS 2.0: Un Método de Ingenieria Web Dirigido por Modelos para la Produccion de Aplicaciones Web 2.0

    Francisco Valverde

    Defense: 2010-10-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Multi-purpose and extensible framework for multimedia content description

    Hildeberto Mendonca

    Defense: 2010-10-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Interaction gestuelle pour la saisie de texte en situation de handicaps

    Khaldoun Al Faraj

    Defense: 2010-07-06

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Stephane Conversy
    2. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Stephane Conversy
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Renaud Blanch
    4. Jean-Daniel Fekete

    Caractérisation de visualisations et exploration interactive de grandes quantités de données multidimensionnelles

    Christophe Hurter

    Defense: 2010-07-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Interaction multimodale en entr´ee : Conception et Prototypage

    Marcos Serrano

    Defense: 2010-06-30

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Aide à la Facilitation pour une prise de Décision Collective : Proposition d’un Modèle et d’un Outil

    Abdelkader Adla

    Defense: 2010-06-08

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Engineering Multimodal Interactions through Rapid Integration of Heterogeneous Components

    Jean-Yves Lionel Lawson

    Defense: 2010-06-01

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Jean Vanderdonckt
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marco Winckler
    3. Stéphane Faulkner
    4. Manuel Kolp
    5. Michaël Petit
    6. Victor Manuel López Jaquero

    A Method for Developing User Interfaces to Workflow Information Systems

    Josefina Guerrero Garcia

    Defense: 2010-03-23

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Frameworks, description languages and fusion engines for multimodal interactive systems

    Bruno Dumas

    Defense: 2010-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Jose Alves do Nascimento's PhD

    Jose Alves do Nascimento

    Defense: 2010-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Manh Hung Nguyen's PhD

    Manh Hung Nguyen

    Defense: 2010-01-01

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Rachid Alami
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Rachid Alami

    Reasoning About Space for Human-Robot Interaction

    Luis Felipe Martin

    Defense: 2009-11-12

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Manfred Tscheligi
    3. Ferdinand Maier
    4. Matt Jones
    5. Bill Buxton
    6. Richard Harper
    7. Joëlle Coutaz

    Usability and user experience evaluation in non traditional environments

    Regina Bernhaupt

    Defense: 2009-09-07

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Christophe Kolski
    4. Alain Derycke
    5. Bertrand David
    6. Philippe Mathieu

    Adaptation en contexte : contribution aux interfaces multimodales et multicanaleS

    José Rouillard

    Defense: 2008-11-10

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Contributions à l’amélioration de l’interaction homme-machine : applications à l’haptique, aux techniques d’entrée de texte et au pointage

    Benoît Martin

    Defense: 2008-11-05

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Christelle Farenc
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    Jury members:
    1. Christelle Farenc
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Marco Winckler
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Monique Noirhomme-Fraiture
    6. Gaëlle Calvary
    7. Jean-Paul Perez

    Une méthode d'inspection automatique de recommandations ergonomiques tout au long du processus de conception des applications Web

    Joseph Xiong

    Defense: 2008-09-01

    Les applications Web existantes donnent accès à des ressources (information, contenu, etc.) mais offrent également de plus en plus de services. Si beaucoup d'efforts doivent être consacrés à la fiabilité et à la robustesse de ces applications Web de complexité croissante, l'utilisabilité doit également être assurée, faute de quoi l'utilisateur aura des difficultés d'usage avec l'application. L'évaluation de l'utilisabilité est une tâche complexe qui requiert une connaissance et une expertise en ergonomie logicielle. La plupart des méthodes d'évaluation existantes, bien que maîtrisées par des experts en utilisabilité, sont considérées comme « complexes » et difficiles à mettre en oeuvre pour des non experts. Les recommandations pour l'utilisabilité sont l'expression d'une connaissance en ergonomie qui aide l'évaluation. Toutefois, puisqu'il est nécessaire d'appliquer ces recommandations de manière systématique, leur inspection manuelle peut s'avérer laborieuse, même pour un expert. Afin de ne pas être limité par l'inspection manuelle, des efforts ont été investis dans le développement d'outils supportant la collecte des recommandations et leur organisation, le guidage de l'inspection et le support de l'inspection automatique. Un des avantages à l'utilisation d'outils automatiques pour l'inspection des recommandations est que peu de connaissances en ergonomie sont requises puisque l'expertise est intégrée dans l'outil. En outre, le manque d'experts pour réaliser les évaluations d'utilisabilité et le coût élevé des autres méthodes d'évaluation (par exemple, tests utilisateurs) font que l'inspection automatique des recommandations est une méthode adaptée pour supporter les évaluations fréquentes des applications Web. Cependant, ces outils ne permettent d'évaluer que l?application finale et dans le cas où des erreurs sont détectées, des modifications importantes de l'application peuvent avoir lieu. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une méthode d'évaluation permettant de s'assurer tout au long du processus de conception de la qualité ergonomique des applications Web développées. Sur la base des recommandations existantes, nous avons établi une ontologie qui organise les recommandations autour des éléments d'interface d'une application Web. Cette ontologie forme ainsi un vocabulaire non ambigu et permet d'identifier précisément les éléments à évaluer à chaque étape du processus de conception. En utilisant une approche basée sur modèles nous proposons une méthode d'évaluation qui exploite cette ontologie et les différents artefacts produits tout au long du processus de conception. Cette méthode offre un support à la vérification de la qualité ergonomique pendant tout le cycle de vie de l'application. En outre, ces travaux ont été appliqués et validés à l'échelle industrielle sur une plateforme de développement de téléprocédures adoptant une approche dirigée par les modèles.

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Rachid Alami
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Rachid Alami
    3. René Mandiau
    4. Abdel-Illah Mouaddib
    5. David Andreu
    6. Félix Ingrand

    Interaction Décisionnelle homme-robot : la planification de tâches au service de la sociabilité du robot

    Vincent Montreuil

    Defense: 2008-07-17

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    A Methodology for Developing Multimodal User Interfaces of Information System

    Adrian Stanciulescu

    Defense: 2008-05-25

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Percomom : une méthode de modélisation des applications interactives personnalisées appliquée à l'information voyageur dans le domaine des transports collectifs

    Arnaud Brossard

    Defense: 2008-01-01

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon

    Portabilité, réemploi et transposition des modèles d'interaction homme-machine

    Jérôme Lard

    Defense: 2008-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Mounir Mokhtari

    Abstract service model for adaptive provision in ambient assistive living

    Mahmoud Ghorbel

    Defense: 2008-01-01

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Wendy MacKay
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Méga-IHM : malléabilité des Interfaces Homme-Machine dirigées par les modèles

    Yann Riche

    Defense: 2008-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    3. Ian McClelland
    4. Tom Rodden
    5. Ravin Balakrishnan
    6. Saul Greenberg
    7. François Bancilhon
    8. Laurence Nigay

    Nouvelles formes de communication et nouvelles interactions homme-machine pour enrichir et simplifier le quotidien

    Nicolas Roussel

    Defense: 2007-12-07

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jocelyne Nanard
    3. Wendy MacKay
    4. Patrick Girard
    5. Joëlle Coutaz

    Visualisation d'information : modélisation, interaction et nouveaux dispositifs

    Mountaz Hascoët

    Defense: 2007-11-29

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    4. Jocelyne Nanard
    5. Phil Gray
    6. Brigitte Plateau
    7. Joëlle Coutaz

    Plasticité des Interfaces Homme-Machine

    Gaëlle Calvary

    Defense: 2007-11-09

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Gaëlle Calvary
    4. Eric Lecolinet
    5. Jean-Claude Tarby
    6. Catherine Berrut
    7. Joëlle Coutaz

    Modèles et outils pour la conception et l’exécution d’Interfaces Homme-Machine Plastiques

    Alexandre Demeure

    Defense: 2007-10-11

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    The impact of localized road accident information on road safety awareness

    Yunan Zheng

    Defense: 2007-04-01

    The World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that road traffic accidents represent the third leading cause of ‘death and disease’ worldwide. Many countries have, therefore, launched safety campaigns that are intended to reduce road traffic accidents by increasing public awareness. In almost every case, however, a reduction in the total number of fatalities has not been matched by a comparable fall in the total frequency of road traffic accidents. Low severity incidents remain a significant problem. One possible explanation is that these road safety campaigns have had less effect than design changes. Active safety devices such as anti-lock braking, and passive measures, such as side impact protection, serve to mitigate the consequences of those accidents that do occur. A number of psychological phenomena, such as attribution error, explain the mixed success of road safety campaigns. Most drivers believe that they are less likely to be involved in an accident than other motorists. Existing road safety campaigns do little to address this problem; they focus on national and regional statistics that often seem remote from the local experiences of road users. Our argument is that localized road accident information would have better impact on people’s safety awareness. This thesis, therefore, describes the design and development of a software tool to provide the general public with access to information on the location and circumstances of road accidents in a Scottish city. We also present the results of an evaluation to determine whether the information provided by this software has any impact on individual risk perception. A route planing experiment was also carried out. The results from the experiment gives more positive feedback that road users would consider accident information if such information was available for them.

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Chris Johnson
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Chris Johnson
    3. Peter Johnson
    4. Frédéric Vanderhaegen
    5. Denis Javaux
    6. Jean-Claude Laprie

    A Generic Integrated Modelling Framework for the Analysis, Design and Validation of Interactive Safety-critical Error-tolerant Systems

    PDF available

    Sandra Steere

    Defense: 2006-12-19

    Le travail touche le domaine de l'analyse, de la conception et de la validation de systèmes interactifs critiques et résistants eux erreurs. Il concerne plus particulièrement les approches à base de méthodes formelles pour la prise en compte des erreurs humaines.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Yacine Bellik
    4. Joseph Mariani
    5. Yolaine Bourda
    6. Jean-Paul Sansonnet

    Présentation opportuniste et multimodale d'informations dans le cadre de l'intelligence ambiante

    Christophe Jacquet

    Defense: 2006-12-14

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    4. Joseph Mariani
    5. Laurence Nigay
    6. Joëlle Coutaz

    Multimodal Presentation of Information

    Yacine Bellik

    Defense: 2006-12-14

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Noëlle Carbonnel
    3. Jaime López Krahe
    4. Florence Sedes
    5. Nadine Baptiste-Jessel
    6. Monique Truquet

    Présentation Multimodale et Contextuelle de l'Information

    Cyril Rousseau

    Defense: 2006-12-13

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Didier Bazalgette
    4. Jean Caélen
    5. Yacine Bellik
    6. Laurence Nigay

    Ingénierie de l’Interaction Multimodale en entrée : Approche à composants ICARE

    Julien Bouchet

    Defense: 2006-12-07

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Gaëlle Calvary
    3. Christophe Kolski
    4. Patrick Prévot
    5. Franck Tarpin-Bernard
    6. Bertrand David

    Prise en compte du modèle d'interaction dans le processus de construction et d'adaptation d'application interactives

    Kinan Samaan

    Defense: 2006-10-03

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Rémi Bastide
    Jury members:
    1. David Navarre
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Rémi Bastide
    4. Jean-Daniel Fekete
    5. Rudiger Valk
    6. Guy André Boy
    7. Bruno d'Ausbourg
    8. Fabrice Kordon

    Formal Methods for Software Components applied Interactive Safety Critical System

    PDF available

    Eric Barboni

    Defense: 2006-09-28

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Alain Mille
    3. David Benyon
    4. Dave Roberts
    5. Bertrand David
    6. Joëlle Coutaz

    Human Centered Software Engineering: on HCI patterns and Usability Metrics

    Ahmed Seffah

    Defense: 2006-09-15

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Nadine Baptiste Jessel

    Adaptation et interaction gestuelle et haptique, ciblées utilisateurs vers plus d'utilisabilité et d'accessibilité

    Bertrand Tornil

    Defense: 2006-01-01

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    3. Jean-Pierre Jessel
    4. Liam Bannon
    5. Michel Dureigne
    6. Daniel Noyes

    Le concept de salle de décision collective et son application aux processus complexes EADS

    François Laborie

    Defense: 2005-12-10

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Nadine Vigouroux
    3. Noëlle Carbonnel
    4. Régine André-Obrecht
    5. Frank Poirrier

    Etude et conception de claviers logiciels pour la saisie de texte au stylet

    Laurent Magnien

    Defense: 2005-12-10

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Nadine Vigouroux
    3. Stéphane Chatty
    4. Régine André-Obrecht
    5. Jean-Marc Toulotte
    6. Frank Poirrier

    Méthodes d'optimisation et évaluation pour une meilleure utilisabilité des claviers logiciels

    Mathieu Raynal

    Defense: 2005-12-05

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Dominique-Louis Scapin
    3. Christophe Kolski
    4. Patrick Girard
    5. Francis Jambon
    6. Guy Pierra

    Sémantique et Outil pour la Modélisation des tâches utilisateur : N-MDA

    Vincent Lucquiaud

    Defense: 2005-12-05

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    3. Eric Lecolinet
    4. Christian Jacquemin
    5. Joëlle Coutaz

    Architecture logicielle et outils pour les interfaces homme-machine

    Renaud Blanch

    Defense: 2005-09-26

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean-Daniel Fekete
    3. Gérard Hégron
    4. Henri Briand
    5. Cédric Dumas
    6. Pierre Leclercq
    7. Claudie Faure

    Une nouvelle approche pour la conception créative : De l’interprétation du dessin à main levée au prototypage d’interactions non-standard

    Stéphane Huot

    Defense: 2005-07-12

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. David Navarre
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Rémi Bastide
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Mourad Ould
    6. Noëlle Carbonnel
    7. Laurence Nigay

    Une approche fondée sur les modèles pour l'ingénierie des systèmes interactifs multimodaux

    PDF available

    Amélie Schyn

    Defense: 2005-06-21

    Il s'agit d'adapter un formalisme de description de systèmes interactifs, les ICO (Interactive Cooperative Objects), à la prise en compte des interfaces multimodales

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Rémi Bastide
    Jury members:
    1. David Navarre
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Rémi Bastide
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Dominique-Louis Scapin
    6. Chris Johnson
    7. Didier Bazalgette
    8. Allan MacLean

    La conception rationalisée pour les systèmes interactifs

    PDF available

    Xavier Lacaze

    Defense: 2005-06-20

    La plupart des méthodes de conception informatique sont centrées sur la modélisation et la documentation du système issu de la conception laissant de côté les différents chemins (étudiés en détail ou non) ayant conduit à ce système. La conception ainsi obtenue présente quatre défauts majeurs : l'absence de traçabilité de la conception, l'absence d'argumentation des choix effectués (car ces méthodes ne poussent pas les concepteurs à argumenter leurs choix), les difficultés de réutilisation des différents produits de la conception, et enfin le manque de soutien (outils ou démarches) à l'exploration systématique de plusieurs alternatives. La résolution de ces problèmes passe par la mise en œuvre d'approches de conceptions rationalisées à l'intérieur même du processus de développement. La conception rationalisée (design rationale) est une approche qui tend à promouvoir non seulement l'exploration systématique de plusieurs alternatives à un problème donné, mais aussi l'évaluation et l'argumentation de ces différentes alternatives. Cette approche permet également de soutenir la justification systématique des choix effectués par les concepteurs. Diverses notations formelles ou semi formelles ont été proposées dans le but de soutenir ces différentes activités de conception. Les principaux objectifs de ces approches sont d'accroître la qualité finale des systèmes conçus et la réutilisabilité des informations archivées lors d'une conception pour de futures conceptions. Toutefois, les approches de conception rationalisée ne sont pas ou peu mises en œuvre lors de la conception d'un système interactif contrairement à des domaines tels que le génie civil. Nous avons identifié plusieurs raisons à ceci : les outils offerts par le design rationale ne sont pas utilisable dans le cadre d'applications de taille réelle car les notations sont trop génériques (pas spécialisées pour la conception de systèmes interactifs) et les environnements pas adaptés à la saisie et à l'exploitation de larges modèles. Une autre raison, expliquant la faible mise en uvre des approches de conception rationalisée, provient du fait que la conception rationalisée est perçue comme un surcoût à court terme avec des bénéfices peu perceptibles. Cette thèse propose un ensemble de solutions à ces différents points. Dans un premier temps nous proposons une notation TEAM (Traceability, Exploration and Analysis Model), fondée sur la notation QOC (Questions, Options, Criteria) ayant déjà fait l'objet de nombreux travaux dans le domaine. Ayant spécialement été conçu dans l'optique de la conception de systèmes interactifs, TEAM permet d'archiver les informations propres à la conception de systèmes interactifs. TEAM est supporté par l'outil DREAM (Design Rationale Environment for Argumentation and Modelling) qui supporte les activités de saisie, de lecture et de réutilisation de modèles TEAM. Nous avons montré comment intégrer l'approche DREAM/TEAM dans une méthode de conception pour définir comment et quand utiliser le design rationale tout au long du processus de conception. Enfin, l'approche DREAM/TEAM a été confrontée à trois études de cas (conception graphique d'une interface, conception d'un système interactif dans le domaine du contrôle aérien, et intégration de l'évaluation de performance) différentes dans leurs objectifs mais complémentaires. Chacune des études de cas valide un ou plusieurs point précis de la notation TEAM et de l'outil DREAM sur des cas réels d'utilisation.

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Nadine Vigouroux
    3. Jean-Paul Haton
    4. Daniel Luzzati
    5. Guy Perenou

    Adaptation dynamique des stratégies de dialogue aux usagers : application aux personnes âgées

    Regis Privat

    Defense: 2004-12-17

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean-Pierre Briot
    3. Mikal Ziane
    4. Zahia Guessoum
    5. Bertrand Braunschweig
    6. Laurence Nigay

    GOLIATH: Un environnement à base de modèles et d'agents pour la conception d'interfaces utilisateur

    David Julien

    Defense: 2004-12-02

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Fabio Paternò
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Rémi Bastide
    3. Chris Johnson
    4. Fabio Paternò
    5. Gerd Szwillus

    Analysing formal interactive models for the design and development of interactive applications

    PDF available

    Carmen Santoro

    Defense: 2004-08-27

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    3. Alain Derycke
    4. Michel Riveil
    5. Vincent Quint

    Espaces de travail interactifs et collaboratifs : Vers un modèle centré sur les documents et les instruments d’interaction

    Olivier Beaudoux

    Defense: 2004-06-29

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Jean Vanderdonckt
    3. Monique Noirhomme-Fraiture
    4. François Bodard
    5. Christophe Kolski

    A methodology for Automating Web Evaluation by Gudeline Review

    Abdo Bereikdar

    Defense: 2004-04-19

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Christelle Farenc
    2. Philippe Palanque
    3. Rémi Bastide
    4. Jean Vanderdonckt
    5. Dominique-Louis Scapin
    6. Óscar Pastor López
    7. Joëlle Coutaz

    StateWebCharts : a Formal Notation for Navigation Modelling of Web Applications

    PDF available

    Marco Winckler

    Defense: 2004-04-02

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Stéphane Chatty
    3. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    4. Jean-Daniel Fekete
    5. Gérard Hégron
    6. Henri Briand

    Un modèle d'interaction en entrée pour des systèmes interactifs multi-dispositifs hautement configurables

    Pierre Dragicevic

    Defense: 2004-03-09

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Phil Gray
    3. Muffy Calder

    The development and evaluation of a prototyping ernvironment for context sensitive mobile computing interaction

    Kevin Yun-Maw Cheng

    Defense: 2003-01-24

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Auto-Composition Active et émergence du sens dans l’interaction Homme-Machine sous contrainte

    Michel Crampes

    Defense: 2002-05-30

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Michel Corraza
    3. Fabrice Wendling
    4. Philippe Kervella

    Conception d'architectures collaboratives synchrones tolérantes aux fautes: apport des réseaux de Petri et applications en télémédecine

    Yannick Bouillon

    Defense: 2001-12-20

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Dominique-Louis Scapin
    3. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    4. Jocelyne Nanard
    5. Mathias Chaillot
    6. Chritian Flurh
    7. Véronique Rouyé

    Conception d'un référentiel hypermédia pour le partage de connaissances. Application à la maîtrise du risque de criticité

    Lionnel Medini

    Defense: 2001-09-07

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Contribution à l'ingénierie en Interaction Homme Machine - Une technique de description formelle et un environnement pour une modélisation et une exploitation synergiques des tâches et du système

    PDF available

    David Navarre

    Defense: 2001-07-02

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Guy André Boy
    3. Annie Despland
    4. Violaine Prince
    5. Ivan Lavallée
    6. Joëlle Coutaz

    Une interface ergonomique et intelligente d'assistance à l'utilisation d'un système d'exploitation

    Mourad Chelibi

    Defense: 2000-12-11

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Rémi Bastide
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Rémi Bastide

    Intégration de spécifications de rétroactions dans un ofrmalisme pour la conception de systèmes interactifs

    Jaime Munoz

    Defense: 2000-01-07

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Alain Derycke
    3. Jean-Pierre Pecuchet
    4. Eric Ricard
    5. Manuel Zaclad
    6. Joëlle Coutaz

    Vers une démarche industrielle pour le développement d'Interfaces Homme-Machine

    Arnaud Buisine

    Defense: 1999-05-07

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Dominique-Louis Scapin
    3. Yacine Bellik
    4. Jean-Louis Ermine
    5. Joëlle Coutaz

    ALACIE, Atelier Logiciel d'Aide à la Conception d'Interfaces Ergonomiques

    Fernando Gamboa Rodriguez

    Defense: 1998-10-05

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Dominique-Louis Scapin
    3. Jean Caélen
    4. Jocelyne Nanard
    5. Jean-Luc Voirin
    6. Joëlle Coutaz

    Proactivité et Réactivité : de l'assignation à la complémentarité en conception et évaluation d'interfaces homme-machine

    Gaëlle Calvary

    Defense: 1998-10-02

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Chris Johnson
    3. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    4. Marie-Claude Gaudel
    5. Joëlle Coutaz

    XTL : Une logique temporelle pour la spécification des systèmes réactifs

    Philippe Brun

    Defense: 1998-09-25

  • Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Michel Beaudouin-Lafon
    3. Bruno d'Ausbourg
    4. Pierre Maurice
    5. Guy Pierra
    6. Yamine Aït-Ameur

    Modélisation et validation d'interfaces homme-machines

    Pierre Roché

    Defense: 1998-03-07

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marie-France Barthet
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    TAREFA : une approche pour l'ingénierie des besoins des systèmes interactifs

    PDF available

    Marcelo Pimenta

    Defense: 1997-10-23

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Marie-France Barthet
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Ergoval: une méthode de structuration des règles ergonomiques permettant l'évaluation automatique d'interfaces graphiques

    PDF available

    Christelle Farenc

    Defense: 1997-04-07

  • Advisor / Co-advisors:
    1. Philippe Palanque
    2. Stéphane Chatty
    Jury members:
    1. Philippe Palanque

    Programmation visuelle pour la construction d'interfaces homme-machine hautement interactives

    Olivier Esteban

    Defense: 1997-01-10