Posts tagged "capteurs"

LAAS/CNRS - LCC/CNRS - Laplace, Toulouse University

Keywords

E-nose, indoor air quality, multi-gas sensors, nanostructures, metal oxide semiconductors, sensitivity, selectivity, internet of thing (IoT).

Humans spend more than 90% of their time in a closed environment that contains several gaseous pollutants like VOCs (volatile organic compounds). Such gaseous contaminants in the indoor air may cause respiratory problems and chronical diseases. Many others gases such as CO2, CO, and NO2 from urban pollution and poor ventilation systems are also part of indoor air contaminants. Offices, meeting rooms, classrooms and practical workrooms in universities and / or schools may present VOC and /or CO2 levels that exceed the regulatory thresholds. Measuring and monitoring indoor air quality is therefore essential to ensure a better quality life in workspaces. This thesis has been carried out within the framework of the GIS neOCampus (groupement d’intérêt scientifique), led by Université Paul Sabatier UT3 and dedicated to the development of an innovative, connected and sustainable campus for a better quality life. We are interested in the development of miniaturized MOS (metal oxide sensors) gas sensors for the indoor air quality monitoring in offices and classrooms. The objective of this study is to control these pollution levels in order to correct them through measures to ventilate the premises. Making a decision about how to correct air quality is an essential step in the process. As part of this work, we have prepared several prototypes of miniaturized multi-gas sensors (4 sensors) integrated on their electronic card able to detect levels of indoor air pollution. The proximity electronics allows the control and recovery of data from these sensors, and an IOT (internet of things) type communication module based on the WiFi protocol linked to the "Cloud NeoCampus", remotely and wirelessly, generates indoor-air quality signal in real time. This multi-sensor is based on semiconductor sensors based on nanostructured metal oxides (SnO2, WO3, CuO) synthesized at the LCC (laboratoire de chimie de coordination).

Scientific goal

We have developed a new synthetic approach for the nanostructured metal oxides on the sensor platform in order to optimize the performance of the sensitive layer (stability, sensitivity, selectivity). We have studied very efficient associations of n-type and p-type MOS nanostructures based on multilayered implementation on silicon platforms. The gas responses have been measured in laboratories test benches and new measurement protocols (cycled temperature mode versus continuous operation mode) have been defined to selectively detect NO2 or VOCs compounds in air at ppm and sub ppm levels. In addition, PCA (principal components analysis) analyses have been set up to discriminate gas mixtures in test benches.

Contacts

philippe.menini_at_laas.fr, pierre.fau_at_lcc-toulouse.fr, vincent.bley_at_laplace.univ-tlse.fr

IRIT and Laboratoire d’Aérologie, Toulouse University

Keywords

Bicycle traffic, Urban mobility, Air quality, Urban pollution, Agent based simulation, Synthetic population

Excessive concentrations of pollutants in the urban air are regularly observed, posing a long-term danger to the health of inhabitants. Monitoring the quality of urban air is therefore a very important issue to help stakeholders to take appropriate measures (reduction of road traffic...). The urban spatial distribution of air pollution is very heterogeneous and evolves rapidly over time. It is therefore important to develop reliable, fast, and spatially spread measurement methods. This last criterion is often hard to implement. For example, air quality measuring stations are very accurate, but their measurements are too local to obtain information on areas with no station.

In this work, we propose to study the usage of residents' daily bicycle traffic as a participatory network of air quality sensors, providing volunteer cyclists with an air quality sensor to use during their daily commute. To evaluate the effectiveness of such a network, we choose to build a multi-agent simulation based on the GAMA development environment that models a group of bicycle-mounted sensors mapping urban air quality. Traces of urban air quality collected by the sensors are then used to infer air quality at the city level. Results are compared with actual data from public air administration.

The model simulates the daily mobility of a synthetic population of cyclists in the city. Travel and pollution data are generated based on several real data sources (mobiloscope, private companies, and bicycle sensors). Observations recorded along the bike trips are complemented by geographical information (height of buildings, natural areas, distance to highway, …) that are obtained through Geographical information systems (GIS) and further used as predictor variables in a land use regression (LUR) model.

The dataset of synthetic information is used to infer a critical number of bicycles that would be required for an optimal assessment of the intra-urban air quality. To this end, we process the collected pollution data, for each time step, with extrapolation algorithms (eg. LUR) of the measured pollution concentrations and the city environment. For example, the distance of a point to primary roads is a relevant indicator for determining NO2 concentration. Thus, by performing a regression to estimate the relationship between the distance to the main roads and NO2 concentration, we can predict the NO2 concentration at unmeasured points. Moreover, the impact of the cyclists' circadian rhythm on the monitoring of the daily cycle of pollutants is investigated. We also evaluate the opportunity for cross-calibrating the mobile sensors during the biker's Rendez-vous based on the daily agenda of the different biker categories.

Scientific goal

The objective is to understand how well a network of bicycle-mounted sensors could map air quality in urban areas.

Contact

Nathan Coisne (Nathan.coisne_at_student.isae-supaero.fr)

Jean-François Léon (jean-francois.leon_at_isae-supaero.fr)

Nicolas Verstaevel (nicolas.verstaevel_at_irit.fr)

Benoit Gaudou (benoit.gaudou_at_irit.fr)

Elsy Kaddoum (elsy.kaddoum_at_irit.fr)

Labs: Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement – CRCA – SETE – IRIT – LAAS – GEODE

Companies: BeeGuard, Select Design, Adict Solutions

Keywords

Environmental monitoring, connected sentinels, bio-indicators, bees, birds, aquatic eco-markers, IoT. 

The use of bio-indicators makes it possible to characterize, in an integrative and quantitative manner, natural or anthropogenic changes in the environment. However, monitoring the response of bio-indicator organisms is often a difficult and time-consuming task, particularly in the field. Hence the interest in developing automated approaches, taking advantage of technological developments in terms of environmental sensors, remote transmission and processing of data. 

Scientific goal

The ECONECT project began in early 2020, with the objective to develop a communication infrastructure allowing the remote monitoring of autonomous, connected and versatile systems to measure the responses of bio-indicator organisms to chemical contamination, habitat degradation and global warming.

Three sentinel systems are considered: (1) the connected hive, allowing to monitor the dynamics of bee colonies (colony mass, temperature and location of the bee cluster, foraging traffic, etc.) and the cognitive capacities of bees; (2) the connected bird-feeder to submit individually monitored tits to behavioral tests to assess their cognitive abilities; (3) the aquacosm, a floating enclosure allowing the measurement of eco-markers in an aquatic environment (growth dynamics of phototrophic biofilms, relative importance of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes within the ecosystem ...).

The network infrastructure, based on LoRa and GSM communication protocols, will allow the remote configuration of measurement devices and the data transmission in the Cloud for consultation from a web browser and automated processing, in quasi real time, using a modular approach based on Python scripts. The storage on a server of all the data collected will allow an integrated analysis of these and the generation of alerts in case of hardware malfunctions or measures reflecting an abnormal situation within the ecosystem studied.

Prototypes of the different sentinel systems and the network are being tested and will lead to the installation of two pilot stations in 2021, notably one on the Paul Sabatier campus. In 2022, a network of 12 sentinel stations will be deployed in the Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (PYGAR). Each station will be characterized by a spatial analysis of land use and the quality of habitats and by the measurement of concentrations of chemical contaminants (trace metal elements, PAHs, pesticides) in different compartments of the environment. Participatory science protocols will be used to supplement the available data set and to assist in the interpretation of observed trends, while providing environmental education opportunities for the general public.

Contact

Elger, A., Cauchoix, M., Lihoreau, M., Chaine, A., Kacimi, R., Raimbault, V., Riboul, D., Julien, M.P., Lubat, C., Guiraud, V. & Depasse, J.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet CLUE : Cycle-based Laboratory for Urban Evolution. Ce projet scientifique vise à équiper une partie des vélos évoluant dans le campus et dans Toulouse d’un ensemble de capteurs afin d’étudier les déplacements des usagers, mais aussi de profiter du réseau de capteurs mobiles ainsi déployé pour collecter des informations sur la pollution atmosphérique sur le campus et plus largement dans la ville.

Objectifs scientifiques

Plus particulièrement, l’objectif de cette thèse s’articule autour des points suivants :

• La collecte d’un jeu de données dans Toulouse (données de mobilité et mesure de polluants atmosphérique) - inexistant à ce jour - et sa mise à disposition.

• Le déploiement d’un noeud de collecte sans fil des informations, grâce à la technologie LoRa (longue portée, basse consommation d’énergie), et la sécurisation des données sensibles (localisation).

• La présentation des données aux différents acteurs/utilisateurs (chercheurs en aérologie, cyclistes, personnes en charge de l’aménagement du campus) :

– Système de contrôle d’accès aux données multi-roles

– Compromis protection de la vie privée/utilisabilité des données

• L’intégration de différents capteurs existants et tests en environnement réel, en particulier pour les capteurs “black carbon” et oxydes d’azote

• Le raffinement et la validation in situ des modèles de diffusion de polluants utilisés en aérologie

Contacts

- Christophe Bertero (LAAS) : christophe.bertero_at_laas.fr 

- Jean-François Léon (LA) : jean-francois.leon_at_aero.obs-mip.fr

- Matthieu Roy (LAAS) : matthieu.roy_at_laas.fr

- Gilles Tredan (LAAS) : gilles.tredan@laas.fr

LEFE, SGE, IRIT, Toulouse University / IMFT, La Rochelle University / PME Epurteck

Keywords

Living Lab, water, filter, biodiversity, tomography

A Water oriented Living lab on the campus gets applied and fundamental research components with the main goal to reduce the surface area of the “regular” planted filters by making them more performing toward filtration with the involvement of an increased biodiversity. This demonstrator makes part of the LL implementation in the Interreg SUDOE Tr@nsnet Project. A cooperation between UT3 Direction du Patrimoine, SGE, UMR IRIT, UMR IMFT, U La Rochelle, PME Epurteck will lead to a bioinpired filter located next to IRIT to treat waste water of the A1 building. This biotech with enhanced biodiversity and soil metabolism for organic mater biodegradation, will increase the green area of the campus, will help at the air temperature regulation , and prevent of any smelt and musquitos for the neighbourhood. The earth worms (are ecological engineers that dig biostructure networks in the soil, that may largely influence the water parameters when flowing through this soil. The current tested research hypotheses is: « how does a burrow network buried in the macroporous substrates of soils influence the water infiltration capacities ? » This is run through the cooperation between research group in Physic “MacroPorous media and Biology” of UMR IMFT and the FERMAT X-ray tomography for images of 3D gallery networks of worms burrow, and modeling of water infiltration water flux in porous media; and the ecological team Bioref (Biodiversity, biological networks and Fluxes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems) of UMR Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment

Constant-head permeameter                               

Burrow network dig by one worm after 1 weak

Scientific goals

Create a demonstration of the biodiversity (earth worms) influence on the water infiltration in the planted filter.

Use the water oriented living lab connected with a serie of IoT sensors to explore further research hypotheses about organic mater degradation,  water and pollutant flow in this type of new filter generation.

Contact

magali.gerino_at_univ-tlse3.fr

Context Presentation

neOCampus is a large operation with different kinds of projects and actors. Started in 2013, its goal is to improve the university campus user’s everyday life through data analysis for people, fluid consummation reduction, reduce building environmental footprint, etc.… Overall, it tends to make the campus smarter. All those projects have one common point: data. Including images, sensor logs, administrative data, configurations, we can find every kind of data and each must be stored somewhere.

This project is centered around this problem with a data management system architecture which is the data lake.The conception of this kind of solution must include handling every kind of data and making it possible to follow the life of a data from the input to the usage in a project. It does not only have to store every kind of data, it is needed to know what is stored, where and in the proper format to use it in the easiest way. When a new data has arrived, the system will automatically rawly store it, find the more valuable format, extract information from this data and make this knowledge available for any purpose.

 Keywords

Data Lake, Data Driven Project, Big Data, Data Management, Data Analysis

Scientific goal

•    To develop a datalake architecture to change the architecture of the data management system in neOCampus.

Contacts

dang.vincentnam@gmail.com, françois.thiebolt@irit.fr, olivier.teste@irit.fr

Context Presentation

The measurement of indoor air quality is important for health protection against chemical and gaseous pollutants ... The indoor air can contain many pollutants such as CO, CO2, NO2 and VOCs. These pollutants exist in different materials and products that can be used in housing (furniture, cleaners ...), but can be also coming from human activities or outside source. In this case, the detection, measurement and monitoring of these gazeuse contaminants is necessary.

In view of its high performance and low cost, the innovative gas multi-sensor based on metal oxides semiconductors for analyzing and controlling indoor air quality is a good alternative to electrochemical and infrared sensors. This project is currently in progress in LAAS in collaboration with the LCC and Laplace and as part of a thesis funded by neOCampus and the Occitanie region.

This thesis focuses on the characterization of multiple MOX-based gas sensors and integrates these multi-sensors in electronic card to achieve a connected object to control the indoor air quality in offices and classrooms in University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse. The gas multi-sensor is a microsystem composed by four sensors on a microchip, realized to detect target gases.  

Keywords

Multi-sensors, MOS, Indoor Air Quality, Smart Building, neOCampus

Scientific goals

•    To characterize new nanomaterials (SnO2, CuO, ZnO, WO3 ...) designed by the LCC by using an experimental set-up,

•    To define an operating protocol by trying different operating modes.

Contacts

aymen.sendi@live.fr, menini@laas.fr, pierre.fau@lcc-toulouse.fr, katia.fajerwerg@univ-tlse3.fr, myrtil.kahn@lcc-toulouse.fr, vincent.bley@laplace.univ-tlse.fr

Le 02/10/2019, Hamdi BEN HAMADOU soutiendra sa thèse intitulée :

"Interrogation de données hétérogènes dans les bases de données orientées documents"

Il présentera ses travaux à 14h dans l'auditorium de l'IRIT.

Context Presentation

The measurement of indoor air quality is important for health protection against chemical and gaseous pollutants ... The indoor air can contain many pollutants such as CO, CO2, NO2 and VOCs. These pollutants exist in differents materials and products that can be used in housing (furniture, cleaners ...), but can be also comming from human activities or outside source. In this case, the detection, measurement and monitoring of these gazeuse contaminants is necessary.In view of its high performance and low cost, the innovative gas multi-sensor based on metal oxides semiconductors for analyzing and controlling indoor air quality is a good alternative to electrochemical and infrared sensors. This project is currently in progress in LAAS in collaboration with the LCC and Laplace and as part of a thesis funded by neOCampus and the Occitanie region. This thesis focuses on the characterization of multiple MOX-based gas sensors and integrates these multi-sensors in electronic card to achieve a connected object to control the indoor air quality in offices and classrooms in University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse

  Figure 1 : « MOX gas Multi-sensors»

Scientific Goals

The gas multi-sensor is a microsystem composed by four sensors on a microchip, realized to detect target gases. The scientific objective of this thesis is to characterize new nanomaterials (SnO2, CuO, ZnO, WO3 ...) designed by the LCC by using an exprimental set-up and to define an operating protocol by trying differents operationg modes.

Keywords

Multi-sensors,  MOS, Indoor Air Quality, Smart building, neOCampus

Contacts

aymen.sendi@laas.fr

menini@laas.fr

pierre.fau@lcc-toulouse.fr

katia.fajerwerg@univ-tlse3.fr

myrtil.kahn@lcc-toulouse.fr

vincent.bley@laplace.univ-tlse.fr

L’UPS lance la construction d’une nouvelle piste d’athlétisme et souhaite consacrer une partie du budget pour l’installation de dispositifs de mesure sur celle-ci dans le but de recueillir des informations. Par exemple, on souhaite mesurer le temps d’appui d'un pied sur le sol, les mouvements, trajectoires, vitesses ou accélérations de certaines parties du corps, le temps de réalisation d’une foulée, etc.

Jusqu’à maintenant on utilise un système VICON pour réaliser des mesures précises, mais le système est coûteux et long à mettre en place. L’objectif ici est d’étudier des moyens peu onéreux et simples d’utilisation permettant d’effectuer différentes mesures, et notamment évaluer les limites matérielles et logicielles. 

On s’intéresse donc à un dispositif capable d’extraire des informations pertinentes pour l’analyse du mouvement (par exemple la détection du squelette), que l’on expérimente en l’appliquant au cas des premières foulées d’un sprint en athlétisme.

Exemple de squelette détecté sur un sujet en sprint

Objectifs scientifiques

Les objectifs du stage sont :

Étudier différents dispositifs (caméra Kinect, caméras vidéo)

Étudier différentes bibliothèques de détection du squelette

Étudier la mesure automatique de foulées au départ d’un sprint.

Contacts

alexandre.lemonnier@irit.fr, collet@irit.fr