Since few years, several companies and universities have investigated the possibilities of using renewable energies to decrease the ever-growing environmental impact of datacenters. Few research initiatives have paved the way to understand how a datacenter ONLY operated by renewable energies can work.
From 2015 to 2019, DATAZERO investigated new ways to power and manage one Cloud data center using on-site renewable energy sources and storage elements (photovoltaic, wind turbines, fuel cells, batteries, supercap). (click on the top menu on Datazero for main achievements).
DATAZERO2 (2020-2024) aims at improving the operation and design of cooperating datacenters operated only with renewable energies, in particular using disruptive approaches for uncertainty management, cooling and power distribution. The second objective is to propose a comprehensive knowledge base and toolbox for industry and researchers for zero-emission datacenters beyond state-of-the-art solutions.
A bit more details here: https://anr.fr/Project-ANR-19-CE25-0016